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M. T. HITCHCOCK, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR To JOHN W. LABAREE.

Letters Patent No. 74,534, dated February 18, 1868 5 reissue No. 4,005, dated M'ay 31, 1870.

CAR-VENTILATOR.

To all whom z'tfmay concern `following is a full,clear, and exact description thereof',

reference being had to the accompanying drawing making a part of this specification, and to `the letters of reference marked thereon'in which Figure l represents a vertical transverse section of my improved car-ventilator, as attached to a ear.

Figure 2 is a similar view, representing a modifica- .tion of the same.

. Figure 3 is a similar view, representing another modih'eation.

Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal section oi' the same. Y

This invention relates to a new car-ventilator, and consists of a shell or case, a portion or one side of which is cylindrical, the other side, having an Opening therein, being attached or secured to the car in any convenient manner, and within which shell or case is a sliding valve, which is moved to and fro in said shell or case by the wind, according to the direction in which the car may be moving.

lhe ahntments at ythe ends of the case or shell, against which the valve strikes, are made of elastic material, in order to deaden the noisewhen the valve strikes said abutment.

The valve is hung so that it can slide on its hearings, and that it can alsooscillate on its bearings for the purpose of allowing the valve to assume an inclined .position when reaching the end of the case, which position is produced by the shape of the abutment, which is so shaped that the upper end of the valve is nearer to the front than the lower end, so that-solid bodies, such as cinders, dust, or sparks may, by the position of the valve, be caused to slide down on the same to thebottom cf the case.

Between the lower edge of lthe valve and the bottom of' the case is left an open space, for the purpose of discharging solid bodies blown into the shell, and also the surplus wind.

The fresh air is conducted into the car by a suitable channelor passage through the side of the shell or case.

The ventilator maybe conveniently attached to the roofsof all kinds of oars, and will be automatic in its operation, as it will readily adjust itself to the motion ofthe car, in whichever direction the car may move.

' That others skilled in the art may be able to make and use my invention, I will proceed to` describe its construction andthe mode of its operation.

In the drawing- A represents the case or shell of my improved venat each end, and said shell A may be tilator, which may be cylindrical or partially so, or prismatic, or anyother suitable shape; that is to say, its general cylindrical form, or the form of that portion of the shell which is cylindrical, may be given to it by making such portion circular', polygonal, or oval in its cross-section.

That side of the shell or case A which is attached to the car may be made rectangular, giving the channel B, for the passage of the air, a rectangular form, or it may be made of any other suitable and desi"able form to suit the construction of the car, while that portion'of the shell A which. is opposite the channel B is made cylindrical or polygonal, as hereinbefore explained. I prefer to make it cylindrical, as that form of that portion of the. shell isthe best adapted to the successful operation of the ventilator, :and an opening made of .'aiiy suitable and desirable materia-l, tin being well adapted to that purpose. It is evident that the sides oi' the channel B may be parallel, or nearly so, and said channel B may be large or small, of any desirable size.

On cars in which a deck is formed above the roof, as in iig.,4 1, the ventilator can be easily attached to the edges of the deck, as shown in iigl, but where no such deck is provided, as in iig. 2, the ventilators are at- `tached on opposite sides, it' desired, to an upright tube, C, projecting from thereof, and connecting the channels B with the interior of the car, as is clearly indicated in fig. 2.

lVithin the shell A is arranged a sliding valve, D, which is either hung upon a rod, E, that passes longitudinally through the case, as in ligs.12,'and 4, or said valve is provided with trunnions a a, that are fitted into grooves on the sides of the shell, said trunnions carrying friction-rollers, operating in said in fig.

It' the valve is hung on the rod E, it is provided with a hub, 7J, thebore of which is nari-cwest in the middle, and flaring toward each end, as in iig. 4. The object of this hub is to allow the valve to assume a certain gI'OUVeS, its

Vinclined position at each cud of the case, as in iig. 4. It' the valve is humr at both ends, as in fig. 3, it willv oscillate easily upon its pivots.

Y At each end of the case A is arranged, within the upper part of the same, an abutment, lil, which is lined with India rubber or other suitable elastic material, and which is so formed as to cause the valve D, when blown against the abutment by the wind, to assume an inclined position, with its lower part nearest the outer end of the case, as iu iig. '4. '.the lower part of the valve l) does not reach the bottom of the case A, so that a space is left between them, as shown.v

The opelation is as followsz' f, In whatever direction the carrinoves, the wind, -entering the front end of the shell A, will drive the valve .contained therein, and causes only the pure air to entoward the rear end of the same, against the abutment provided therein. Owing to the inclinedy positionof the valve, all solid bodies thrown against it by the force of the draught will fall to the bottom of the ease, and will be blown out through the space left between the same and the lower edge of the valve.

The pure air will'cnter the car through thc channel B. It the motion of the car is reversed, the valve will at once reverse its position in the shell A,fand also its Y inclined position, as indicated in tig. 4, the valve being always in the rear end of the shell' A when the car is in motion. y

This ventilator possesses numerous superior advanf, tages over those now in use. The most important of lthese advantages are the following: It separates the pure air from the impure substances ter the car; it is automatic, and adjusts itself at once to the motion ofthe car; it is noiseless, and is simple in its construct-ion, can he cheaply made, and cannot easilyget ont of order, as those which are provided with hinged valves can. l

I am aware that ventilators having a cylindrical shell have heretofore been made, but differing very materially, both in construction and operation, from -that herein described, as shown in Letters Patent No.` 36,044, granted to Wm. Westlake' for ear-heater, and also in Letters Patent No. 36,063, granted to same party for car-ventilator, both dated July 29,1862; and I therefore disclaim any and every part of said devices and every other cylindrical ventilator device without the quadrangular or. prismatic attachment part B, as that constitutes a particular feature oi' my invention, in adapting the shell to the side of a monitor7 or other car; and g Having therefore described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Let- 1. The hub b of the sliding valve, constructed as described, so that both a sliding and an oscillating motion can be imparted to the valve, as set forth.

2; Providing the case or shell A, in which the sliding valve D moves, with abutments F F, which are so arranged that the valve,',when striking againt one ofthe abutments, will be brought into au inclined position, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth and specified.

3. The shell or case A, when provided with the abutments F F, in combination with the sliding 4oscillating valve D and with the channeljB, all made so that the lower edge ofthe valve doesnot come in contact with the bottom of the shell, and all operating substantially in the manner herein shown and de*- scribed. g

4. The combination of a cylindrical, or partially cylindrical shell or case, A, with a quadrangular or prismatic side attachment portion B, constructed substan -tially as herein shown and describe d l lM. T. HITCHCOCK. Witnesses: 'A T. A. Germs,

HENRY P. MILLER. 

